{"id":9690,"date":"2023-05-04T09:16:28","date_gmt":"2023-05-04T07:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carteldamageclaims.com\/?p=9690"},"modified":"2023-07-19T16:40:53","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T14:40:53","slug":"traficos-manuel-ferrer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carteldamageclaims.com\/de\/2023\/05\/04\/traficos-manuel-ferrer\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00e1ficos Manuel Ferrer \u2013 a warning to claimants and defendants alike"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Shortly after the publication of the Tr\u00e1ficos<\/em> Manuel Ferrer<\/em> judgment<\/a> by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in response to a request for a preliminary ruling (16 February 2023), the judge from the Valencia court who had referred the questions to the CJEU delivered his judgment in the same case<\/a>\u00a0(“Valencia Court Judgment”)\u00a0relating to the European trucks cartel (10 March 2023). Following his interpretation of the CJEU judgment, this ruling could iron out the differences between various approaches Spanish courts follow in making judicial estimations of damages related to competition law infringements.<\/p>

1. CJEU: judicial estimation remains a possibility with certain conditions <\/strong><\/h1>

The essence of the CJEU judgment relevant to the discussions in this post is that a national court can estimate the harm of competition law infringements only \u201con the premiss that\u201d<\/em> (i) the existence of the harm is established and (ii) the harm is \u201cpractically impossible or excessively difficult\u201d<\/em> to quantify with precision. In addition, whether the defendant discloses data to the claimant is \u201cnot, in [it]self, relevant for the purposes of assessing whether it is permissible for the national courts to undertake an estimation of the harm [\u2026]\u201d.<\/em><\/p>

However, the Luxembourg Court leaves the question open in terms of how national judges evaluate whether a quantification is impossible or excessively difficult. Based on the CJEU judgment, it should be considered whether further steps could be taken to quantify the harm. Requesting the defendants to disclose evidence is mentioned as a primary tool in the judgment. However, it is ultimately up to the national judge to verify (and choose the means of verification) whether the claimant has made use of \u201cfurther steps<\/em>\u201d before deciding to carry out a judicial estimation of the damage. The judge of the Valencia court reasons that any excessive difficulty in estimating damage should be questioned in cases where, for example, the claimant unjustifiably refuses a measure of evidentiary disclosure.1<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 47, 58<\/span><\/p>

Importantly, the main point of the CJEU ruling, according to the Valencia judge, is that no Spanish court can ever again grant damages based on a judicial estimation without a proper assessment of the damage.2<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 49<\/span> In other words, judicial estimation is not to be used to replace the passive behaviour of the claimants. This, according to the judge, is beneficial as it generates legal certainty in front of Spanish courts and prevents the judicial system from being abused by mass litigation.3<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 23<\/span><\/p>

2. Valencia court: CJEU ruling applied, damage estimation of the claimant accepted<\/strong><\/h1>

In line with the CJEU ruling, a judicial estimation is not carried out by the Valencia court because \u2013 as clear from the judgment \u2013 no evidentiary difficulty arose that would have constrained the court awarding damages. In that sense, the court concludes that the existence of the harm is established (CJEU ruling, first condition), but the court does not think that it was impossible or excessively difficult to quantify the damage (CJEU ruling, second condition).<\/p>

Demonstrating that a judicial estimation is not appropriate or necessary in Tr\u00e1ficos<\/em> Manuel Ferrer<\/em>, the Valencia court carefully reviews the arguments of the parties and, eventually, accepts the damage calculations of the claimant despite some methodological issues and contradictions in the analysis. This is because the proposed approach by the claimant\u2019s expert to analyse the market is plausible and reasonable<\/strong>.4<\/a><\/sup>As noted by the judge, in cartel cases where the presumption of damage is applicable, the claimant must present a reasonable attempt<\/strong><\/em> to quantify a damage. (Valencia Court Judgment 18) <\/span>,<\/sup>5<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 2<\/span> However, that the claimant\u2019s estimation is accepted despite its weaknesses is also related to the inadequate reasoning of the defendant.<\/p>

According to the judge, the defendant is expected to shed light on the practical functioning of the trucks cartel. Based on the findings of the European Commission in its binding infringement decision, theoretical explanations about information exchanges and econometric analyses showing zero cartel effect do not suffice. This is in line with the expectations of the English Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT) set out in the Royal Mail<\/em><\/a> judgment. However, the opinion of the judge of the Valencia court to categorise the defendant\u2019s economic report as a \u201cuseless tool<\/em>\u201d6<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 121<\/span> signals an even stricter approach towards such expert opinions.<\/p>

3. Valencia court: economic analysis of the defendants rejected as implausible<\/strong><\/h1>

The Valencia court emphasises that the defendant has to be clear about the mechanisms underlying the cartel behaviour, especially in cases like the trucks cartel, where the plausibility of an anticompetitive harm is already established.<\/p>

First, the court reiterates that cartels cause harm unless proven otherwise7<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 77<\/span> and that this burden of proof falls on the defendants.8<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 82<\/span> Then, referring to the Royal Mail<\/em> decision by the CAT, the court points out that the defendants have already admitted that their anticompetitive behaviour led to higher prices9<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 97<\/span>. On this basis, the court finds that the absence of effects of this cartel infringement, as demonstrated by the defendant\u2019s expert, is a \u201cvery strange result<\/em>\u201d.10<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 93<\/span><\/p>

Second, the defendant never provided a plausible explanation as to why the cartel existed for fourteen years. There is a complete lack of understanding about the origin, functionality, and economic reasons that can explain the infringement. The judge would expect that the defendant needs to explain the specific information the defendant made available to other infringers, the content of the dialogue with other infringers, the processing of that information, the outcome of the infringement, etc.11<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 90<\/span> The Valencia court explicitly refers here, again, to the Royal Mail<\/em> judgment that posed very similar questions. The defendant did not provide an explanation of the rationale for the infringement and, as a consequence, its economic analysis cannot be accepted as an alternative damage estimation.12<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 3. (v)<\/span><\/p>

Third, the defendant did not prove that the analysis of the claimant is totally<\/em> unusable or that the data underlying the claimant\u2019s analysis is fully<\/em> wrong.13<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 2. (v)<\/span> In the absence of any useful input by the experts of the defendant, the claimant\u2019s damage estimation stands \u2013 despite some obvious weaknesses in the analysis.<\/p>

4. Opinion: CJEU Tr\u00e1ficos<\/em> Manuel Ferrer<\/em> and its application by the Valencia Court are a warning to claimants and defendants<\/strong><\/h1>

After the CJEU ruling in Tr\u00e1ficos<\/em> Manuel Ferrer<\/em>, a claimant is not expected to receive damages if the economic estimation behind the claim is not sufficiently plausible and reasonable. Furthermore, a judicial estimation of the anticompetitive harm cannot replace the efforts of the claimant unless it can be shown that it is practically impossible or excessively difficult to obtain a damage estimate. In a similar way it is, for example, established case law in Germany that a judicial estimation of a damage requires at least a sufficient set of facts (‘Ankn\u00fcpfungstatsachen’<\/i>) on the basis of which the court can move forward. But full evidence for the scope of damage is however not required, otherwise no estimation would be needed.<\/span><\/p>

At the same time, the Tr\u00e1ficos<\/em> Manuel Ferrer<\/em> judgment of the Valencia court highlights that the defendants\u2019 experts have a responsibility to understand the rationale behind an infringement and explain it in court proceedings. An econometric analysis based on a selection of company data showing no cartel effect is not sufficient.<\/p>

An appeal against the first instance judgment is expected (even by the judge himself14<\/a><\/sup>Valencia Court Judgment 125<\/span>), but so far, the application of the Tr\u00e1ficos<\/em> Manual Ferrer<\/em> CJEU ruling on the case that initiated the ruling favours the claimant \u2013 mainly due to the inadequate argumentation of the defendants that is not in line with the findings of the European Commission in its binding infringement decision.<\/p>

By Akos Reger<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shortly after the publication of the Tr\u00e1ficos Manuel Ferrer judgment by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in response to a request for a preliminary ruling (16 February 2023), the judge from the Valencia court who had referred the questions to the CJEU delivered his judgment in the same case (10 March 2023). This blog post analyses the key points of the Valencia court judgment concerning economic expert reports.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57,55,64,54,40,38,37,36],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-9690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cartels","category-cjeu","category-competition-law","category-damages-directive","category-private-enforcement","category-quantification","category-spain","category-trucks-cartel"],"yoast_head":"\nTr\u00e1ficos Manuel Ferrer \u2013 a warning to claimants and defendants alike - CDC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/carteldamageclaims.com\/de\/2023\/05\/04\/traficos-manuel-ferrer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tr\u00e1ficos Manuel Ferrer \u2013 a warning to claimants and defendants alike - CDC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shortly after the publication of the Tr\u00e1ficos Manuel Ferrer judgment by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in response to a request for a preliminary ruling (16 February 2023), the judge from the Valencia court who had referred the questions to the CJEU delivered his judgment in the same case (10 March 2023). 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