On June 5, 2025, the Spanish Supreme Court issued a ruling that marks a milestone in private competition law enforcement in Spain. The judgment — STS 2621/2025 — resolves the appeal brought by the Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) against several companies in the paper envelope sector — namely Printeos, Tompla, and Maespa — which had been fined in 2013 by the Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC) for participating in a cartel (case S/0316/10).